"I am not the founder of a sect. Nor am I one of the tip
leaves of the tree. I am not one who keeps the precepts nor
yet one who breaks them but only a simple priest without
precepts. I do not have wisdom nor yet do I lack wisdom. I
am an oxlike, a sheeplike man. Why have I begun to preach?
I am merely a forerunner who began to chant, Namu Myo Ho
yet one who breaks them but only a simple priest without
precepts. I do not have wisdom nor yet do I lack wisdom. I
am an oxlike, a sheeplike man. Why have I begun to preach?
I am merely a forerunner who began to chant, Namu Myo Ho
Renge Kyo as though sleepwalking (Myomitsu shonin
gosho-soku, STH p.1162)
gosho-soku, STH p.1162)
Nichiren made no distinction between disciples who were
ordained at Mt. Hiei (where vows were taken at the
designated ordination hall) and those whom he himself
ordained. It was strength of faith in the Lotus Sutra and
success in converting others that mattered, not vows which
might or might not be kept. Nichiren often wrote that he
and his disciples were priests without vows. (Laurel Rodd,
Nichiren: A Biography, 1978).
In the Rissho Ankoku Ron Nichiren outspokenly urged
repression of all other sects: If we hurry to stop alms to
heretics and give alms instead to monks and nuns of the true
faith, if we cleanse the kingdom of the teaching of these
bandits, then Japan will be transformed into a Buddhist
utopia.
The Amidists whose faith was singled out by Nichiren for
criticism as heretical, evil teaching and slander of true
Buddhism soon learned of this treatise that suggested that
their faith be outlawed. The most prominent Jodo priests in
the anti-Nichiren movement in Kamakura, Doryo and Noan,
They fought back with slander, rumors, and ambush in the
streets. Six weeks after Nichiren had submitted the Rissho
Ankoku Ron, his house on the outskirts of Kamakura was
burned to the ground.
Subsequent persecutions led Nichiren to claim that he was a
gyo-ja, one who lives the sutra, fulfilling its predictions in his
own life. None of those who claim to keep the precepts of the
sutra [Chapter 14] have lived the predicitions it contains. Only
I read the sutra with my life. (Nanjo Hyoeshishiro dono gosho
STH p.319)
As Nichirens anxiety grew over the impending Mongol invasion,
he began to encourage shakubuku, conversion through thr break
and subdue practices. In letters to his disciples he wrote that it
was no longer the time for the persuasive practices (sho-ju).
Other beliefs must be directly confronted and shown to be lacking.
If necessary, people must be driven by fear to the Lotus Sutra. He
renewed the attack on Honens Amidist teaching begun in the
Rissho Ankoku Ron and now added Zen and Ritsu practice
to his list of heresies which he asserted were the causes of the
renewed the attack on Honens Amidist teaching begun in the
Rissho Ankoku Ron and now added Zen and Ritsu practice
to his list of heresies which he asserted were the causes of the
disasters crushing Japan. Ritsu was a return to precepts and
monastic discipline, and social philanthropy was increasing
under the leadership of Ninsho (Ryokan, who ate human flesh
in private) of the pious Ritsu reform movement.
monastic discipline, and social philanthropy was increasing
under the leadership of Ninsho (Ryokan, who ate human flesh
in private) of the pious Ritsu reform movement.
Among the misdeeds that Nichiren was accused of in his trial
just before Tatsu-no-kuchi were 1) teaching that all other
sutras except the Lotus Sutra were useless in finding
salvation 2) teaching that the precepts were deceptive and
led to rebirth in hell 3) teaching that Zen practices
would only increase the burden of bad karma 4) teaching that
the nembutsu would lead to rebirth in hell 5) burning images
of Amida and Kannon and tossing other images into the river
6) harboring a band of rebels and gathering weapons and
going about armed. Evidently Nichirens disciples were
translating his words into action. Nichiren responded with
a challenge to debate before bafuku arbitrators. The Gyobin
sojo goetsu STH p. 497 is Nichirens brief as a defendant.
Nichiren did not deny any of the charges. In fact, he insisted
that even bearing arms was necessary in order to defend the
Lotus Sutra.
Taken before Taira Yoritsuna, Nichiren announced: In casting
me aside, Japan throws down its pillar of support. Any day
there will be rebellion and fighting and warriors from other
countries will come, kill and take prisoners. The Kencho-ji,
Jufuku-ji, Gokuraku-ji, Daibutsu, Choraku-ji--all the nembutsu and
Zen temples--should be burned to the ground and their priests
beheaded at Yuigahama, or Japan will be detroyed. (Senji Sho,
STH p.1003).
Shijo Kingo was to be forced by Lord Ema to swear allegiance
and to adopt Lord Emas belief in the efficacy of keeping the
precepts. Instead, Shijo Kingo sent a promise of faith to
Nichiren and planned to leave Ema. Nichiren urged him to
stay on, but never to abandon the Lotus Sutra in favor of
the precepts (which Ritsu was reviving in Japan).
And finally in the Minobusan Gosho, Nichiren wrote:
"There is no doubt that in this polluted Mappo those men and
women, religious and lay, who are icchantika because they have
broken the five commandments and slandered the Law, will all
attain Buddhahood by the Lotus Sutra. If these people are
assured of Buddhahood, what need is there to uphold the
precepts?
For those who would say, Nichiren is a teacher but he is too
intransigent; we will spread the Lotus Sutra temperately,
Nichiren says, (Sado Gosho),"Some of those who seemed to
believe in me have become doubters now that they have seen
me exiled, and not only have they given up the Lotus Sutra,
but they lecture me and think themselves wise. How
unfortunate."
Graham Lamont
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